Dr. Plotkin is Emeritus Professor of the University of Pennsylvania. Until 1991, he was Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology at the University of Pennsylvania, Professor of Virology at the Wistar Institute and at the same time, Director of Infectious Diseases and Senior Physician at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. For seven years he was Medical and Scientific Director of Sanofi Pasteur, based at Marnes-la-Coquette, outside Paris. He is now consultant to vaccine manufacturers and nonprofit research organizations. Dr. Plotkin is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and the French Academy of Medicine. He is the Founder and a Fellow of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. He is also a Fellow of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, of the International Society for Vaccines, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. He has written over 800 articles and served as editor of several books including a textbook on vaccines. Dr. Plotkin developed the rubella vaccine now in standard use throughout the world, is codeveloper of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, and has worked extensively on the development and application of other vaccines including anthrax, oral polio, rabies, varicella, and cytomegalovirus.